Martin Mohawk River
The Empire State Building
History
The Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historical Monument National
NYC Landmark
You are here:
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10118
U.S.
Contact:
404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333, -73.9856556
Architect:
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Architectural style (s):
Art Deco
Added NRHP:
November 17, 1982
Designated NHL
June 24, 1986
Designate NYCL:
May 19, 1981
NRHP Reference #:
82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was conceived as the John Thomson Farm in the late 18th century. In this time, a stream running through the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located one block away. Since the late 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria, attended the Four Hundred, the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb of the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the building plans in two weeks, using their previous models for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and the Tower of Carew in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building sent a card Birthday for parents to staff in the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem in honor of his role as a precursor to the Empire State Building. Building has been designed top to bottom. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project has been funded primarily by John J. Raskob and S. Pierre Bridge. The construction firm was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and the James Farley Builders General Supply Corporation has provided construction materials. John W. Bowser has been superintendent of the work.
A beam pins worker for Building, the Chrysler Building is visible in the background.
Site excavation began January 22, 1930, and construction the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick influence Dayer Al Smith as the Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, most immigrants came from Europe, with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official reports, the five workers died during construction. grandchildren Governor Smith cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931. Lewis Hine photograph of construction provides not only valuable material construction, but also an overview of the daily lives of ordinary workers at that time. In particular, the image of a worker to a type of climbing is emblematic of the time and the building itself.
The construction was part of an intense contest in New York for the title of "The tallest building in the world." others two projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler building, was still under construction when he began working at the Empire State Building. Each holds The title of less than one year as the Empire State Building surpassed at the end, after only 410 days, construction began. The building was inaugurated May 1, 1931 officially dramatically when U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the lights in the building at the touch of a button in Washington, DC Ironically, the first use light tower above the Empire State Building, the following year, was intended to signal the victory of Franklin D. Hoover to Roosevelt in presidential elections in November 1932.
Opening
The inauguration of the building coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and therefore much of office space was rented out. vacant building has been exacerbated by poor Located on 34th Street, has relatively far from public transportation, including Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station is a few blocks. Other more successful skyscrapers as the Chrysler Building, not the problem. In its first year of operation, observation deck took about two million dollars as much money as its owners made in rent this year. The lack of tenants has led to New Yorkers make fun of building construction and the State "Empty". The building not become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of the Empire State Building Roger L. Stevens and his partners negotiated by prominent Manhattan real estate firm F. Charles Noyes & Company for a record 51 million dollars. At that time, was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in the history of real estate.
Dirigible (airship) terminal
This landmark Art Deco Tower Building was originally designed as a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. The 102nd floor was a landing platform with a dirigible bridge. A special elevator moving between the floors 86 and 102 ยบ, was supposed to carry passengers after noting that the observation post on the 86th floor. However, the idea was impractical and dangerous after several attempts with aircraft, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building. A transmission tower was wide added to the top of the tower in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Main article: B-25 Empire State Building Crash
Army Crash U.S. B-25 bomber July 28, 1945
Amon At 9:40 Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell, tested through a thick fog Lt. Col. William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed into the north side of Empire State Building, between 79th and 80 floors, where the offices of the National Assembly Catholic Welfare Council were located. A kick motor on the side opposite the impact and flew to the extent that the next block where he landed on the roof of a nearby building, a fire that destroyed an attic. The other engine and part of the landing gear fell into an elevator shaft. The fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people died in the incident. elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived to a fall 75 stories in an elevator, which remains the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. Despite the damage and losses of life, the building was open for business on many floors, the following Monday. The incident helped spur the adoption Expects Long Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, and inserting retroactivity provisions in the law, allowing people to sue the government for the accident.
A year later, another plane was met with skyscrapers. He was about to hit the building.
Height records and comparisons
Comparison of tall buildings in New York
The Empire State Building remained the structure higher in humans in the world for 23 years before being overtaken by Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the structure Independent high world for 36 years before it is surpassed by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
Most of the world's longest held by the Empire State Building was the highest skyscraper (at the height of the structure), which took place for 42 years until surpassed by the north tower of World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of 2001 World Trade Center attacks of September 11, the Empire State Building is again the tallest building in New York and the second tallest building in the Americas, now only surpassed by the Sears Tower in Chicago. When measured by peak height, the Empire State Building is currently the third tallest building in the Americas, second only to the Tower and Trump International Hotel and Tower Willis.
1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire Final State Building. The Chicago Spire also exceed the height of the Empire State Building to completion, but construction was halted due to financial problems.
Suicides
Over the years, more than thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. Suicide was the first product, even before its completion, for a worker who was fired. The fence around the observatory terrace was put in 1947 after five people tried to jump over a period of three weeks. On December 2 1979, Adams was 86th Elvita speech should be suppressed in 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
On February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot seven people in the observation deck, killing one, then fatally wounded.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (center image) is the tallest building in New York
View street level of the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building rises 1250 feet (381 m) in the 102nd field, including the FT 203 (62 m) Pinnacle reaches its peak in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 floors Commercial and office space representation of 2.158 million meters square (200 500 m2). It has an observation deck inside and outside the earth 86. The remaining 16 plants represent the Art Deco tower, which is crowned by a 102nd floor observatory. At the top of the tower is the TF 203 (62 m) from Pinnacle, much of which is covered by the broadcasting antennas, with a lightning rod on top.
The Empire State Building was the first building that has more than 100 plants. The 6500 windows and 73 elevators, and there 1860 steps from the street to the floor 103. It has a total area of 2,768,591 square feet (257.211 m2), the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 hectares (8094 m2). The construction of 1,000 companies, and has its own zip code, 10 118. In 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building every day, making the Empire State Building the second single office complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are in a central core, at present, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in total, including service elevators. It takes less than one minute by elevator to the 86th floor, which houses an observation deck. The building has 70 miles (113 km) of pipes, 2.5 million meters (760.000 m) cable, and taps 9,000. [Citation needed] It is heated by low pressure steam; Despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) pressure steam for heating. It weighs about 370,000 tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building has been constructed with panels of Indiana limestone.
The Empire State Building cost $ 40,948,900 for construction.
A series of setbacks of the structure makes the cone with height.
Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building has a Art Deco design, typical of pre-World War II, architecture in New York. Flags streets steel modernist steel inputs at the 33rd and 34th place on two stories runners high around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass enclosed-bridge on the second floor. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.
The lobby is three floors with an aluminum relief of the skyscraper without the antenna, which has been added to the arrow until 1952. The north corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy and Rene Sparkia Nemorov in 1963, which represents the building as the eighth wonder of the world, along with the traditional seven.
Prognosis long-term life cycle of the structure has been applied in the design phase to ensure that future uses are intended by the building have not been limited by the demands of generations above. This is particularly evident in the current design of building electrical system.
Projectors
Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas, as we see GE Building
Empire State Building, with a normal white light, as seen from New Jersey
In 1964, the headlights were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in colors chosen to correspond to seasonal events and others, like St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and the death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol Blue Eyes." After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building was in total darkness for 15 minutes.
Floodlights bathed the building in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then returns to the norm. Traditionally, in addition to standard time, the building lights with the colors of sports teams in New York at night with home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue for the Rangers in New York, and so on). The first weekend in June is the building with the green light for the Belmont Stakes place near Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in yellow tennis ball tennis tournament in U.S. Open in late August and early September. He was twice illuminated in red to support Rutgers University nearby: once for a football game against the University of Louisville on November 9th, 2006, and again April 3, 2007, when the women's basketball team played in the national championship.
In 1995 the building was lit blue, red, green and yellow for the launch of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which began with a campaign of 300 million dollars.
The building has also been known to be lit in purple and white in honor of the graduates of the University of New York.
Each year September, the building is lit in black, red and yellow lights with high (black) to celebrate German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic Conference Eid ul-Fitr, in October 2007. The lighting, the first of a Muslim holiday, is destined to become an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was illuminated yellow to signify the home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
From April 2527, 2008, the building was lit in lavender, pink and white to honor the achievements of the international pop diva Mariah Carey in the music world and release of her eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Citation needed]
In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the musical Bad Stephen Schwartz and Kerry Ellis.
From 2008, the building, as well as New York and many other cities around the world participated in Earth Hour. The spotlights were turned off skyscraper exactly one hour to save energy.
In September 2009, the building was lit by an orange night, in celebration of the exploration Manhattan Island by Hudson 400 years earlier. The Dutch Prince Willem-Alexander van Oranje and Princess Maxima attended and turned on the lights in the room.
In 2009, The building was lit by a night in the red and yellow colors of the communist People's Republic of China to celebrate the 60 years since its founding in the midst of the controversy.
Observation Deck
The Empire State Building Observatory is one of the most popular open air in the world, having been visited by more than 110 million people. The 86th floor observation deck offers a breathtaking 360 degrees in the city. There is a second-floor observation deck of the 102nd is opened to the public. It was closed in 1999, but reopened in November 2005. It is fully enclosed and much smaller than the first, may be closed for several days with heavy traffic. The Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on 86th floor and the additional amount of the plant 102. The lines to enter the observation deck, according to Building the website are "as legendary the building itself:" There are five of them: the sidewalk line, the line of lobby elevators, line ticket purchase, the lift line and the second line below the elevator on the observation deck. For an additional tourists can go to the line the front.
The skyscraper is the headquarters for viewing movies, television, and literary classics, including An Affair to Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In Latin America, Empire of Dreams by Giannina Braschi observation deck is the leading literary pastoral shepherds a revolution to recapture the city of New York. The bridge was also the site of a Martian invasion in an old episode of I Love Lucy.
A panoramic view of New York City from the observation deck 86th floor Empire State Building, Spring 2005
New York Skyride
View Macy's
The Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction, located on 2nd floor. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation deck, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a tower model of the city air. Theatre is about 25 minutes.
Since opening, the journey has had two incarnations. The original version, which lasted from 1994 to about 2002, with James Doohan, Scotty Star Trek, as a pilot the plane, which humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm, with the tour to take an unexpected route in the subway, Coney Island, and the FAO Schwartz, among others. After September 11, however, the tower was closed, and the updated version was launched in mid 2002 with Kevin Bacon as the pilot. The new version of the story tried to make the attraction more education, and included some minor post-9/11 patriotic connotations with flashbacks World Trade Center. The new flight will also be complicated, but this segment is much shorter than the original.
Radio broadcasts
New York the largest media market in the United States. Since 2001, the attacks of September 11, almost all commercial broadcasting stations City (both TV and FM radio) have transmitted from the top of the Empire State Building, although some FM stations are located near the Conde Nast building. Most New York AM stations a little over the Hudson River in New Jersey.
communications devices for radio stations is located atop the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting began at Empire on December 22, 1931, as RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna built the top of the tower. They rented the 85th floor and built a laboratory, andn 1934CA was accompanied by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test your system FM antenna of the Empire. When Armstrong and RCA dropped in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the word became the 85th house RCA TV New York operations, first as a channel W2XBS experimental station, which became later (July 1, 1941) WNBT commercial station, Channel 1 (now WNBC-TV Channel 4). FM station (NBC Weafer-FM, WQHT now) began broadcasting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on complaints consumers who need a common situation for the stations (now) seven new York television to convey what the antennas need not be constantly adjust. The construction of a giant tower began. other broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82nd and 81st floors frequently bringing sister FM stations as well as for the ride. Multiple TV and FM broadcasts started from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas were built ring 103 floor area of observation. When the World Trade Center was under construction, caused severe problems for television stations, most of which is then passed to the World Trade Center, once it was completed. This allowed them to renovate the structure of the antenna and transmitter facilities for the benefit FM stations remaining there, which were soon joined by FMS and other UHF television travel elsewhere in the metropolitan area. Destruction World Trade Center had a lot of mixing of the antennas and transmitter rooms to accommodate music stations uptown.
Since 2009, Empire State Building has the following stations:
TV: 2 WCBS-TV WNBC-TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC-TV-7, WWOR-TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV-11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, TV-WPXN 31, 41 WXTV Paterson, Linden and television WNJU WFUT 47-68 in Newark
FM: 92.3 WXRK, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5, 100.3 WHTZ Newark, WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWF 102.7, 103.5 WKTU Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, 105 1 WWPR-FM, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7, 107.5 and WBLS
Empire State Building acceleration
The Empire State Building run-up is a foot race from the ground to the observation deck 86th floor, which is held every year since 1978. Its participants are known as runners and hikers, and are often run by fans. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) in 1576 and takes action. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, held by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003 at a rate of climb of 6593 feet (2010 m) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the most famous building representation of popular culture is in the film King Kong in 1933, in which the main character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors, but falls to his death. At 1983 on the 50th anniversary of the film, Inflatable King Kong was included in the actual construction. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930s New York, including a clash final between Kong and bi-planes on a very detailed Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was created in a contemporary New York City and held its climactic scene at the World Trade Center.)
1939 romantic drama film Love Affair involves couples planning to meet at the top of the Empire State Building, an event that can be avoided by a car accident. The film was remade in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and 1994 (although Love Affair). The 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy inspired in part by an affair to remember, culminating with a scene in the observatory of the Empire State.
1964 Andy Warhol film Empire mute is a continuous eight-hour plan Empire State Building at night, filmed in black and white. In 2004, National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation Library of Congress.
The film Independence Day the Empire State Building, ground zero for an alien attack, which was devastated by armed foreign burns over New York primary.
Many other films have had the Empire State Building's website are listed for construction.
TV
The Empire State Building appears in the Doctor Who 1966 The Chase, where the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building, the doctor and his companions leave fairly rapidly, however, as the Daleks are behind them. A Dalek is also seen in the roof of the building when she asks a man. In 2007, episodes of Doctor Who "Daleks in Manhattan "and" Evolution of the Daleks "also include the construction, which are the Daleks building used as a lightning rod. Russell T. Davies said in an article that "in spirit", the Daleks remember building your last visit.
Mythbusters on Discovery Channel shows to test the legend urban states that if you make a penny on top Empire State Building could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The result was that when the currency falls the ground, going about 65 mph (105 km / h) (terminal velocity for the weight of an object and form), which is not fast enough to cause fatal injuries or put a crater on the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the musical Avenue Q 2003, when a character is at the top of the building for an appointment throws a penny in the hit sidenly its rival.
Literature
HG Wells 1933 science fiction book The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the distant future, contains the passage: "Until recently, Lower New York was the oldest city in the world, unique in its dark age. The last of the old skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, still being demolished in 2106 CE! .
In science-fiction novel The Rebel RHAD Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), takes place in a galactic empire rotten in the distant future, New York is an ancient city was destroyed and rebuilt several times. The largest and oldest building of ruins, piled up half of its height is known simply as "The Tower of empire," but it is clear that the Empire State Building.
David Macaulay book Deconstruction 1980 sample represents the building Empire State was bought by a millionaire in the Middle East and dismantled piece by piece, to be transported home and rebuilt.
The Empire State Building is a place important both as a framework and a field device in much Michael Chabon's 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.
In the book Percy Jackson series, Mount Olympus is the Empire State Building, and is a special elevator in the building up "600e, which is supposed to Olympus.
Tenants
Notable tenants in the building include:
Alitalia, Office 3700
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Filipino Reporter, office 601
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor
Polish Cultural Institute in New York Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM Office 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
Previous tenants include:
National Tourist Office China (currently located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
National Film Board of Canada (Now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A view of the rise of the Empire State Building Broadway
The upper Empire State Building
Looking Up
Looking down
Looking to Times Square
Art Deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view Midtown Manhattan from the viewpoint
The Empire State Building in yellow and red lights during the 60th anniversary of People's Republic of China
See also
New York portal
world's tallest freestanding structure on earth
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List U.S. tallest buildings state
References
Notes
Ab ^ Empire State Building is located in zip code 10001, 10 118, but is designated as the owner of the postcode of the building. USPS Source:.
^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602, Retrieved 7/26/2009
AB ^ Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building. Kenneth T. Jackson. Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT and London and New York: Press Yale University and the Historical Society York. pp. 375 376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Michael Pollak (April 23, 2006). "75:" For your information. The New York Times. Http: / / query.nytimes.com / GST / fullpage.html? Res 9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63 scp = & = 4 & sq = "Empire State Building" height = 1454 & c / CST. Retrieved 31/10/2009.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, the source antenna height: CTBUH, high floor Source: Empire State Building Company LLC
Ab ^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building and Trivia interesting facts. About.com. Http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved on 08/11/2008.
Ab ^ White Norval & Willensky, AIA Guide to New York Elliot, 4th edition, New York Chapter American Institute of Architects, Crown Publishers. 2000. p. 226.
^ ab "Empire State Building. National Historical reference summary list. National Park Service. 11/09/2007. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark nomination. National Park Service. Http: / / pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978." (PDF). National Register historical storage site. National Park Service. 26/04/1985. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W & H Properties Empire State
Skyscrapers ^ Being more environmentally friendly in the hope Lure Tenants
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 23/01/2007. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds construction. Retrieved on November 15, 2008.
^ Cincinnati Waymarketing.com Skyscrapers
^ "Thirteen months to go Geraldine B Wagner, 2003 Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32
^
^
^
^ About.com Trivia Empire State Building and interesting facts
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library York Library of Photography) "
^ "Icarus at the top of the Empire State, Lewis Hine, New York Public Library Stock Library "
Tower Lights History Retrieved ^ 16/12/2007
^ NYT travel: the Empire State Building
^ A market "for tenants in London." 18 August 2008.
EW ^ York: a documentary film.
Ab ^ Shanor, Rebecca Lee (1995). "Projects are not carried out." T. Kenneth Jackson. Encyclopedia City of New York. New Haven, CT and London and New York: University Press of Yale and New York Historical Society. pp. 12,081,209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. P. 44.
^ "750th Squadron, 457th Bomb Group: Managers from 1943 to 1945." http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved 6/4/2009.
^ "Empire State Building withstood airplane impact"
^ "Woman Survives Plane Hits Building 75-story fall"
^ Guinnessworldrecords.com
^ "The Day Bomber Hit The Empire State Building. National Public Radio. Http: / / www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 28/07/2008. "Eight months after the accident, the U.S. government offered money to the families of the victims. Some accepted, others showed the demand led to a landmark bill. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government. "
^ Glanz, James Lipton and Eric (9/8/2002). "The height of ambition." The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
^ Iht.com
^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th edition. Reavill, Gil Zimmerman, John P. 160.
^ George H. Douglas, Skyscraper, P. 173
^ Empire State Building in New York.com: Empire State Building Suicide
^ Geoffrey Broughton, phrases, P. 32
^ The book Empire State Building, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Web Site
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State Glow in the dark. "The New York Times. Http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
^ Thevillager.com
Ab ^ Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ espn.com
Washington Post ^
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim holiday
Empire State ^ yellow decorated to celebrate Simpsons Movie
^ Http: / / www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909
AB ^ https: / / www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten things not to do in New York"
NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up ^ Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions, riders in New York by road
^ Empire State Building past winners
^ Www.esbnyc.com
^ Http: / / gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ ABCDEFGH "Foreigners who come to the Fifth Avenue 350. Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ "FAQs." Alitalia (U.S. site). Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "The complaints and suggestions." Alitalia (the U.S. site). Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Homepage. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
Top ^. Poles Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ Tourist Information Office in Senegal. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Travel agency for airline tickets to Romania. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College. Http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved on 01/11/2008.
^ "Contact Us". China Tourist Office National. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact Us". National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved on September 4, 2008.
^ In response to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden on the site of his ex-wife
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: The construction of the impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascombe, Neal. (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the making of a city. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). Book The Empire State Building. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. City of New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
Kingwell, Mark. (2006). The closest thing to paradise: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A History of obsession, betrayal, and the Battle for an American icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, John. (1995). The Empire State Building: Forging a reference point. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen months of Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). From Empire State Building. New York: WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External Links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to the Empire State Building
Search Empire State Building in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Empire State Building Official Site
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
The Empire State Green Building Renovation
History of the Empire State Building
Empire State Building Information
The construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, online archives of the Museum of the skyscrapers of more than 500 Photographs of the construction of the Empire State Building.
New York Executive Guide to the Empire State Building Top of the Rock vs compare views.
Building Empire State Structurae
Archive
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
Structure highest World
1931 1954
Successor
KWTV Mast
highest free-standing structure on land in the world
1931 1967
Successor
Ostankino Tower
world's tallest building
1931 1972
Successor
World Trade Center
the tallest building in the U.S.
1931 1972
More tallest building in New York
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
The tallest building in New York
2001 Present
Holder
Other items and issues related to the Empire State Building
v, d, and
Supertall skyscrapers
Current
North America
Aon Center AT & T Bank Corporate Plaza Center Bank of America Tower Chrysler Building U.S. Empire State Building, the First Canadian Plaza JPMorgan Chase Tower John Hancock Center The New York Times Building Chicago's Trump Tower Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Tower Willis
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank of the Tour of China The Central Plaza Center China World Trade Center Tower III Building Jin Mao Tower Plaza CITIC International Financial Minsheng Bank Menara Telekom Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Towers Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Square Taipei 101 Tower Shun Hing Tuntex Sky
Europe
Capital City
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Burj Tower Burj Al Arab Emirates Khalifa Souls Downtown Office Emirates Towers Hotel Kingdom Rose Tower The Burj Dubai Centre Division
Construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Gran Torre Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Tower Busan Lotte World Finance Goldin Merkaz 117 Eton Dalian City Building Reference Digital Media East Gate Business Center Oriental Plaza Gezhouba Pacific International Building World Financial, Great Gramercy Mansion Homes International (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center village of Huaxi hanging 66 Forum Tour Keangnam India International Trade Centre Tower of Hanoi Tower Finance Kingkey Landmark Plaza Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Leatop North Asia Trade Tower Tower A tower Parc1 Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Pearl River Tower Steel Tower China-Center International Trade Tianjin Tianjin Wenzhou World Trade Center tower that Zenith, the platform for White Magnolia Plaza Times Square MahaNakhon
Europe
City Council and the Duma Mercury City Tower City Shard London Bridge
Middle East
Marina Abraj Al Bait Towers 23 Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al-Quds Endowment Arraya Torre Torre 2 Yaqub Al Bin Manana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam DAMAC Heights project Central Market in Dubai Pearl Dubai Towers Doha Elite Residence Emirates Park Towers Tower HHHR Lamar Index Infinity Tower The Landmark Towers Marina 101 Marina Ocean Heights Princess Tower Sky Tower called Pentominium
Construction suspended
868 towers offices and a hotel in downtown Chicago Spire NRD Dalian Doha International Convention Center Trade Center Tower Eurasia Faros of Panama Jakarta JW Marriott International Finance Centre Torre Faro de Torre Plaza Rakyat Skycity Hotel Capital Plaza Tower Waterview Tower Xiamen Post and Telecommunications Tianlong construction
Former
World Trade Center
See also the list of proposed high-rise building architects supertall supertall
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New New York City Historical Sites
NRHP: Queens NHL Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Staten Island: New York
New York: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Bronx Staten Island
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U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places types of property in the Historic district Contributing property
List Topics
National Park Service National Historic Site National Battlefield National Monument Historic Sites National Parks National Monuments
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Tourist Attractions in New York
Times Square (35) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2) Statue of Liberty (4.24m) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67 m)
Categories: 1931 | Accidents involving fog architecture | buildings Art Deco in New York | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) the tallest buildings | Former world champion | National Historic Monument in New York City buildings | Office New York | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers New York Skyscrapers | more 350 meters of the attractions for visitors | New York buildings City | Office of the categories of Manhattan | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden: Wikipedia: Semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia pages protected nonperishables | Games | articles linked by September 2008 | Related Articles in May 2009 About the Author
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, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.chinaqualitycrafts.com/ contain a great deal of information about
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,
exterior wood window shutters
welcome to visit!
256. Red River Valley (Traditional)
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